HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem 17 Discussion and Direction for Funding Emergency Medical Services with a Dedicated EMS Enterprise Fund
City of Ocoee ▪ 1 N. Bluford Avenue ▪ Ocoee, Florida 34761
Phone: (407) 905-3100 ▪ www.ocoee.org
STAFF REPORT
Meeting Date: May 19, 2026
Item #: 17
Contact Name: Charles Van Camp Department Director: Thomas Smothers
Contact Number: Ext. 2006 City Manager: Craig Shadrix
Subject: Discussion and Direction for Funding Emergency Medical Services with a Dedicated
EMS Enterprise Fund. (Deputy Fire Chief Van Camp)
Background Summary:
In light of proposed state legislative changes aimed at reducing property taxes, the City anticipates a meaningful
impact on local government tax revenues. In response, the City Manager has asked all departments to proactively
identify revenue-generating functions that could be transitioned away from General Fund support to an Enterprise
fund.
Through this review, the Fire Department has identified Emergency Medical Services (EMS) as a strong candidate
for transition to a self-supporting Enterprise Fund model. Rather than relying on General Fund resources, EMS
operations would be sustained through the revenues generated which will create a more resilient and transparent
funding structure.
This transition is expected to deliver several important benefits:
• Reduced General Fund reliance, helping to offset the impact of anticipated state driven revenue reductions
• Greater operational flexibility to respond to changing service demands and opportunities for additional revenue
• Improved service delivery capabilities through staffing
Staff is requesting authorization and direction to return with a proposed ordinance, developed as part of the budget
process, formally establishing an EMS Division and an EMS Enterprise Fund. Additional information and a
presentation by the Fire Department will provide additional context and analysis to support the Council's
consideration.
Issue:
Should the Honorable Mayor and City Commission direct staff to return with an ordinance for first and second
reading establishing an EMS Division and EMS Enterprise Fund, and to include the EMS Division and
Enterprise Fund in the proposed Fiscal Year 2026–2027 budget?
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City of Ocoee ▪ 1 N. Bluford Avenue ▪ Ocoee, Florida 34761
Phone: (407) 905-3100 ▪ www.ocoee.org
Recommendations:
Staff recommends the Honorable Mayor and City Commission direct staff to return with an ordinance for first
and second reading establishing an EMS Division and EMS Enterprise Fund, and to include the EMS Division
and Enterprise Fund in the proposed Fiscal Year 2026–2027 budget.
Attachments:
1. EMS Division Enterprise Fund Proposal
Financial Impacts:
There is no immediate fiscal impact associated with this action item. Approval of this item would authorize staff
to draft and return with a proposed ordinance establishing an EMS Division and EMS Enterprise Fund as part
of the FY 2026/2027 budget process.
Type of Item: Regular
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EMS Enterprise Fund Proposal: Transition, Staffing, Compensation, and Service Enhancement
Framework
Introduction
The City of Ocoee Fire Department has an opportunity to strategically enhance its
emergency services through the creation of a dedicated Emergency Medical Services
(EMS) Division supported by an Enterprise Fund. This initiative represents a forward-
looking approach that strengthens operational effectiveness, promotes workforce
stability, and aligns financial resources to meet service demands.
This proposal presents a strategic enhancement through the creation of a dedicated EMS
Division supported by an Enterprise Fund model. This approach builds on the
Department’s existing strengths while providing financial transparency, minimizing
pressure on the General fund and establishing a stable funding mechanism capable of
adapting to community growth.
Executive Summary
The City of Ocoee Fire Department proposes the establishment of a dedicated EMS
Division supported by an Enterprise Fund model. By treating EMS as an enterprise
service similar to utilities or other fee-supported operations, the City gains greater control
over costs while maintaining exceptional emergency response capabilities. This initiative
is designed to:
• Enhance EMS service delivery through dedicated paramedic staffing
• Strengthen fire suppression readiness through improved personnel allocation
• Align EMS-generated revenue directly with EMS expenditures
• Improve transparency and accountability in EMS operations
• Reduce reliance on tax-supported funding mechanisms
Importantly, this model creates the opportunity to reduce the financial burden on the
City’s General Fund budget, which may translate into the stabilization, or potential
reduction, of fire service fees for residents and businesses in the future.
Background
As the City continues to grow, EMS call volume and transport demand have increased.
This growth presents an opportunity to refine how EMS services are delivered and
funded.
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EMS Enterprise Fund Proposal: Transition, Staffing, Compensation, and Service Enhancement
Framework
The current dual-role staffing model—where firefighter/paramedics perform both
suppression and transport functions—has been effective, but evolving demand creates an
opportunity to better align personnel with specific service needs. By enhancing
specialization, the Department can improve both EMS responsiveness and fire
suppression readiness.
Operational Alignment Opportunities
Service Delivery Optimization
• EMS transport demand continues to grow
• Opportunity to enhance unit availability and reliability
Workforce Optimization
• Expanded hiring pool through paramedic-only positions
• Improved role clarity and specialization
Deployment Enhancement
• Ability to align staffing with apparatus deployment needs
• Supports long-term operational consistency
Financial Alignment
• EMS generates revenue that can be more directly aligned with operational costs
• Opportunity to improve transparency and cost recovery
Proposed EMS Division Structure
Staffing Model
The EMS Division will consist of single-certified paramedics (PMOs):
• Dedicated EMS personnel assigned to transport and medical response
• Civilian (non-firefighter) classification
• Fully integrated within Fire Department operations
This model allows:
• Reassignment of firefighter/paramedics to suppression apparatus
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EMS Enterprise Fund Proposal: Transition, Staffing, Compensation, and Service Enhancement
Framework
• Improved balance between EMS and fire operations
• Enhanced system reliability
Enterprise Fund Framework
Overview
The EMS Division will operate as a self-supported enterprise system, where:
• EMS-generated revenue funds EMS operations
• All direct and indirect costs are fully allocated
• The system operates independently from the General Fund
Key Financial Benefit
By transitioning EMS to an Enterprise Fund:
• The General Fund budget for the Fire Department budget will be reduced by
approximately $1.86 million
• This represents a significant reduction in tax-supported expenditures
• Over time, this may allow the City to:
o Stabilize fire service fees
o Reduce upward pressure on residents and businesses
o Provide greater resilience during economic fluctuations
o Improve long-term financial flexibility
Cost Allocation
All costs—including shared overhead—are proportionally allocated and reimbursed
through the Enterprise Fund:
• Personnel
• Equipment and vehicles
• Facilities and utilities
• Insurance and administrative services
Operational Benefits
1. Enhanced Fire Suppression Readiness
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EMS Enterprise Fund Proposal: Transition, Staffing, Compensation, and Service Enhancement
Framework
• Improved staffing alignment supports full apparatus deployment
• Increased operational consistency
2. Improved EMS Service Delivery
• Two paramedics per unit
• Increased availability and reliability
• Higher level of patient care
3. Workforce Expansion
• Broader recruitment pool
• Improved retention potential
• Reduced workload strain
4. Financial Sustainability
• EMS becomes a revenue-supported service
• Reduced reliance on property tax funding
5. Transparency
• Clear tracking of EMS costs and revenue
• Improved reporting and accountability
Financial Position
The proposed model demonstrates that:
• EMS operations can fully fund themselves
• Revenue projections support ongoing operations and capital needs
• The system can generate positive net revenue, providing flexibility for
reinvestment
Key Financial Insight
EMS operations not only sustain themselves under this model, but also reduce the Fire
Department’s reliance on tax-supported funding—creating the potential for long-term
stabilization or reduction of fire service fees. The EMS Enterprise Fund introduces a
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EMS Enterprise Fund Proposal: Transition, Staffing, Compensation, and Service Enhancement
Framework
stable financial framework that grows alongside service demand. EMS transport revenue,
Medicare & Medicaid reimbursements, supplemental funding programs and service-
based billing collectively create a dedicated funding stream to support the Fund.
Policy-Level Financial Conclusion
The EMS Division and Enterprise Fund model:
• Transitions EMS from a cost center to a self-sustaining service
• Reduces pressure on the Fire Department’s budget
• Enhances financial flexibility for the City
• Aligns service costs with service demand
Bottom Line
With enactment of the EMS Division and Enterprise Fund:
• EMS becomes fully self-funded
• Fire suppression resources are better aligned
• The City gains financial flexibility
• Residents and businesses may benefit from reduced fire fee pressure
By implementing this model, the City of Ocoee will enhance operational resilience and
ensure that emergency services remain sustainable and responsive to years to come.
Recommendations
Based on the operational, financial, and service delivery benefits outlined in this
proposal, it is recommended that the City:
• Authorize the establishment of an Enterprise Fund to support the EMS Division.
• Approve the hiring of twelve (12) full-time single-cert paramedics and up to six
(6) part-time single-cert paramedics to support staffing and overtime coverage, as
needed.
• Approve the reassignment of personnel to staff a fourth engine, including the
reclassification of three (3) positions to Engineer and three (3) positions to
Lieutenant.
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EMS Enterprise Fund Proposal: Transition, Staffing, Compensation, and Service Enhancement
Framework
These recommendations are structured to minimize fiscal impact by utilizing EMS-
generated Enterprise revenues to support EMS operations, while personnel cost
adjustments are managed within the overall funding model.
Fiscal Impact Summary
EMS Division (PMO Model) & Fire Suppression Staffing Restoration
Overview
This analysis compares the financial impact of:
1. Status Quo (Current Model)
2. Proposed EMS Division (PMO Model + Enterprise Fund)
3. Restoration of 4th Engine Company Staffing
The goal is to demonstrate how EMS-generated revenue can offset personnel costs and
support the Department’s ability to restore full suppression staffing.
Estimated Annual Costs
A. EMS Staffed with Fire Suppression Personnel
Component Estimate
Personnel per Ambulance (minimum staffing) 4 per shift
Total Positions Required (24/48 schedule) 12 FTEs
Avg. Fully Loaded Cost per Firefighter $134,337.57
Paramedic Incentive for (6) PM’s $9,600
Total Annual Cost $1,621,651
B. EMS Division (PMO Model)
Component Estimate
Number of PMOs (24/48 schedule) 12 (2 per unit)
Avg. Salary (Base) $55,000
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EMS Enterprise Fund Proposal: Transition, Staffing, Compensation, and Service Enhancement
Framework
Component Estimate
Fully Loaded Cost per PMO $100,016
Cost of Administrative Personnel $201,119
Total Annual Cost $1,401,311
Estimated EMS Revenue (Enterprise Fund)
Transport-Based Revenue
Metric FY27 Estimates
Avg. Net Revenue per Transport $433.51
Annual Transports 4,453
Annual Revenue (per unit) $965,210
Annual Revenue (2 units) $1,930,420
Additional Revenue Sources
Source FY27 Estimates
EMS/PEMT/MCO - ST & VENDOR SHARE $1,007,901
Windermere Contract (86%) $781,276
Total Supplemental Revenue $1,789,177
Net Financial Impact
EMS Division (Per Transport Unit)
Category FY27 Estimates
Total EMS Revenue $3,719,597
PMO Staffing Cost (incl. Admin Staff) $1,401,311
Operating Costs (fuel, supplies, 12% Admin) $1,196,833
Net Positive Revenue $1,121,453
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EMS Enterprise Fund Proposal: Transition, Staffing, Compensation, and Service Enhancement
Framework
Strategic Financial Position
Key Takeaways
• EMS transport operations generate sufficient revenue to fully fund EMS staffing
and operations
• Surplus EMS revenue can be used to support capital replacement (ambulance in
FY27, equipment, etc.)
Cost Comparison: Current vs. Proposed Model
Category Current Model Proposed Model
EMS Staffing Firefighter/Paramedics PMOs (single-cert paramedics)
Funding Source General Fund Enterprise Fund (EMS revenue)
Suppression Staffing Impact Reduced (due to transport) Restored (personnel reallocated)
ISO Capability Not achievable Achievable with added staffing
Financial Transparency Limited High
Policy-Level Financial Conclusion
The proposed EMS Division and Enterprise Fund model:
• Transforms EMS from a cost center into a revenue-supported service
• Provides a fiscally neutral funding mechanism to support staffing increases
• Reduces reliance on property tax-supported General Fund dollars
• Creates a fiscally neutral pathway to restore the 4th engine company and ISO
Class 1 rating
Bottom Line
With implementation of the EMS Division and Enterprise Fund:
• EMS operations can pay for themselves
• The City gains financial flexibility
• The Department can strategically reinvest resources into fire suppression staffing
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