05-17-16 FDOT Presentation Answers to y our
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'CE OF FL�9/,
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Q r Florida Department of Transportation
Systems Planning Office
TFP‘‘ye www.dot.state.fl.us/planning/systems
Roads serve two primary purposes. One is mobility
What is Access and the other is access. Mobility is the efficient
movement of people and goods. Access is getting those
Management? people and goods to specific properties. A roadway
designed to maximize mobility typically does so in
part by managing access to adjacent properties. A good
Access management is -- k example is an Interstate Highway. While a motorist
I the coordinated planning, . could expect to travel quite efficiently over a long
distance using an Interstate Highway, the number of
regulation, and design of access access points is restricted to only freeway interchanges
between roadways and land every few miles.This type of roadway serves primarily
development. I t promotes the a mobility function. At the other extreme, a local
residential street would provide easy and plentiful
efficient and safe movement of access to all adjacent properties,but long distance travel
people and goods by reducing on such a roadway would be impossible. This type of
roadway serves primarily an access function.
conflicts on the roadway system,
Most state roads serve a function somewhere between
and at its interface with other h the Interstate Highway and the local road described
modes of travel. ` above. One of the most important responsibilities
of the Florida Department of Transportation
(FDOT) is to ensure that the design of each state
Driveways
road properly balances access and mobility. Access
management is used to provide this very important
balance.
Medians Many business and property owners have expressed
\ concerns regarding the FDOT access management
policies. Some feel that the process is unfair. Others
Median Openings feel that the engineers and planners who make access
management decisions are not sensitive to the needs
of the business community.This brochure is intended
Interchanges and to provide you with a better understanding of access
Ramps management to dispel these concerns.
The purpose of access management is to
provide access to land development in
a manner that preserves the safety and
efficiency of the transportation system.
f'
Many business and property owners have asked us if
FDOT just thinks this stuff up. The answer is no. The Does FDOT just
standards developed by FDOT are based on research
hlnk this stuff
done around the world for the last 40 years. Much U p
of this research involved studying actual locations,
many in Florida, where different access management
strategies have been used. The studies evaluated the NO, the standards are based
impacts of different access management treatments on on over 40 years of experience
crashes, congestion, and even business performance.
The standards used by FDOT are thought to provide and research, .°
the optimal balance between access and mobility,
and consider the characteristics of different types of
roadways.
Before Access Management
4
How does Access Management
improve safety?
By reducing conflicts, Access
Management reduces crashes.
More Conflicts
Conflict points are locations along a roadway where
two vehicle's paths can legally cross. At a four way After Access Management
intersection there are as many as 36 conflict points.
Each conflict point is a location where a crash can occur.
A basic principle of access management is to limit
the number of conflict points along a roadway by
minimizing the number of driveways and median •
openings and restricting certain movements at • •
some median openings. Drivers can be overwhelmed
by conflict points in close proximity to one another, 1 r
increasing the potential for crashes. Good access l •
management practice strives to separate conflict points Fewer Conflicts
by providing a reasonable distance between driveways
and between median openings.
0
When safety and capacity of the roadway deteriorate,
one of the ways to fix the problem is to add lanes.
What will happen if Although a roadway may eventually need to be
widened, good access management practices can
access management is delay the need to widen the road for several years.
not implemented? In cases where roadways cannot be widened, good
access management will help reduce congestion and
improve traffic flow by managing turning movements.
Businesses can be hurt by Severe congestion results in safety problems and also
discourages motorists from using the road,since most
congested, high collision customers try to avoid unsafe or congested roadways
roadways near their entrances. whenever possible.
— '`' "� n" ` ' _ ;�,,�,- � Congestion reduces the distance customers will
ta; ` . travel to reach your business
Studies have found that "destination" businesses
(doctors offices,specialty retail stores,service-oriented
£' businesses) are not affected by access management
modifications. Interviews with both customers and
business owners have shown that most people have
Does access no problem making a slightly longer trip, including
management keep U-turns, to access destination businesses. Although
pass-by businesses (convenience stores, gas stations,
customer s away/? fast food restaurants)may be impacted more by access
management modifications, studies have shown that
even pass-by businesses are not negatively impacted as
No, access management does long as reasonable access is provided.As traffic flow is
not impact the demand for made more efficient,the roadway can handle more
traffic and congestion levels decrease.This results
goods and services. in more motorists being exposed to your business.
In Florida's past, the pinnacle of accessibility was the
small corner business with driveways on both roads.
As you drive down our highways you see the old corner How did Florida's
gas stations and strip shopping centers built in our
recent history. These small corner lots are now hard growth affect
to access due to growing traffic queues and high traffic customer traffic?
volumes. Florida's traffic volumes are growing so fast
that there is no way to keep up with the demand. Even
with wider roads we have seen:
Small corner properties are
• Longer queues of traffic more difficult to access.
• Heavy congestion
• Peak traffic hours spreading over much of the day
• More difficulty for customers to turn in and
out of businesses (especially turning left out of
unsignalized driveways)
This queue is blocking street traffic ._ '. a i— 7
_.. -.._:.. ,-.a.ti.� ,tip' , -, -
and additional customers . _' •__.,• •n
Customers are seeking businesses with
• Driveways unblocked by queues of traffic
• Easy access to neighboring businesses
• Access to signalized intersections and side streets
to make left turns
• Safe driving conditions What do your
customer's want?
Your goods and services.
Safe access.
dip
A well-designed driveway enhances business ._, t %° . 6
mart
Do access management projects harm businesses?This
Do access question is asked quite often. We recognize that most
management business owners have invested a significant amount
mans
g of their time and savings to establish and grow their
projects harm businesses. The last thing FDOT wants to do is to have
businesses? a negative impact on a business. In fact,FDOT strives to
provide the citizens of Florida with a safe and efficient
state roadway system. Such a system is critical to the
economic prosperity of our state.
Most businesses see no loss
In general, studies have found that access
in business due to access management modifications do not negatively
management improvements. impact businesses. Businesses succeed or fail due to
many factors.Studies have found that businesses do not
fail at a higher rate along roadways that undergo access
management modifications than along all roadways
in general.
In order to make the best access management decisions
possible, FDOT relies upon business and property
owners,as well as others in the community,to provide
input to the process. Information such as the specific
access requirements of each business, internal traffic
circulation and parking,truck requirements,plans for
expansion,and any unusual circumstances are all very
valuable to the engineers and planners who develop
access management plans.
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A number of surveys have been done to solicit input
from drivers regarding access management projects. hat do your
Motorists were asked to provide their opinions UStomers
regarding changes to several roadways that had
undergone access improvements. The over-whelming think of access
majority of motorists stated that they liked the management?
changes, felt the roadway was safer because of the
changes, and that the selection of businesses they
frequented was not affected by the changes. Your customers favor access
managed highways 4 to 1 .
• Studies in Central Florida and South Florida show
that the majority of corridor business operators saw
an increase or no change in their customer traffic.
The Driver Survey
7800 felt safer
8400 felt traffic moved better
Drivers surveyed along 5 improved corridors in Central Florida
FDOT District 5 (Ivey Harris&Walls - 1995)
• In Texas and Florida, studies have shown that
business expectations of bad impacts were
higher than what actually happened when these
same business operators were questioned after What have studies
construction. shown about
• In Iowa, studies across the state showed 80%of the
businesses reported sales at least as high as they business impacts of
were before the access management projects were access management?
completed.
• In Kansas, fifteen businesses that had claimed
inverse condemnation lawsuits due to perceived Business owners report that
access problems were studied to see if the impacts the actual impacts to their
of access management had been as bad as the
owners had expected. In all the cases, except one, properties were much less than
the businesses were still in operation or actually they antici•ated
upgraded. The only case of failure was a gas station
where the roadway changes required customers to
go two miles out of their way.
II
PUBLIC FORUMS: One way to participate is to
attend the public meetings that are held in advance
of new access management projects to discuss issues
How can business specific to your property or business. Typically these
owners participate meetings are announced using fliers, either mailed or
in the process? hand delivered, along the roadway. Another method
is to contact your District FDOT office and request
that someone contact you individually to discuss your
Through public forums and concerns or issues.
ACCESS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES: Each
working directly with FDOT. FDOT District also has an access management
committee responsible for making decisions regarding
access management on the state highway system.
If a property owner is concerned about an access
management decision that affects their property or
business,they can appeal to this committee and request
the opportunity to present their concerns in person or
in writing.
.. 1
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You can help us understand your Business is our strongest
needs better than anyone! Access Management partner
Access Management strategies can help businesses,
What can businesses even those operating on older highway corridors by
providing these benefits to your customer. These
and neighborhoods do benefits can be accomplished by:
to promote good access • Properly designed driveways shared by multiple
management? • businesses
mans
g • Better approaches to businesses from safer and
better looking medians
Work with FDOT and your • Moving driveways away from traffic signal
intersections allowing easier access for
neighbors to make your customers, even during times of peak congestion
driveways safer. There are many other ways that businesses and
FDOT can work together to make access management
successful. Contact your District FDOT office and
someone will be happy to discuss issues specific to
your business or property.
As traffic flow is made more efficient,the roadway can
handle more traffic and congestion levels decrease. What positive impacts
This results in more motorists being exposed to will good access
your business. Also,as safety of a roadway improves, management have
motorists are more likely to be positive about the
surrounding area. If it is very difficult to access a on my business?
business due to a poorly designed driveway,motorists
may go to businesses that do not have these problems.
This is especially true of older drivers. Additionally, More efficient traffic flow and
traffic accidents often result in motorists taking
alternate routes to avoid congestion associated with improved safety are two of
accidents. Some of these diverted motorists could be the biggest benefits of access
potential customers. management. u
The University of Florida conducted a statewide study Crash Rates for Median Treatments
of all urban and suburban multi-lane state highways. Florida Crash Study
This study showed that there were significant safety Long,Gan,Morrison,University of Florida 1993
4
improvements for roads with restrictive medians. 3.27
In another access management project on Apalachee 3
Parkway in Tallahassee, Florida, crash statistics were 2.46
compared for the five years before and the five years 2 _ � 'i � ,-
after the project.The overall number of accidents was I
reduced by 50%;the number of injuries by 41%;and 1 — I I _
the number of angle and left turn crashes(which are I I
usually more serious)by 80%.And this was despite a I I
significant increase in the average daily traffic. Center Turn Lase Raised Media�
2012 Apalachee Parkway Safety Study
Florida International University, 2011
...................._.._._._... ._..._._..__.._ p
40 MO I I, cras rate
4 A 1. 5 /O reduction
35.000
30.000
IF In the national study done by the Transportation
25.E Research Board, crash data showed a strong
5 x relationship between the access points per mile
20000 -45
1 and the crash rate.There are twice as many crashes
when access points increase from 10 to 40 per mile.
_.._.._
The access spacing implications are clear.
1000° 9
2 Increasing the spacing between access points and
providing greater separations of conflicts will
Excluded from analysis 1
r "----■ reduce the number and variety of events to which
1991 1992 1993 1991 1995 1996 1992 1998 1999 2000 2001 2092 2003 2004 2005 2006 2912 2008 2009 2010
° drivers must respond.This translates into fewer
AADT —Crashes per MVM(Crash Rate) accidents,as well as shorter delays.
The answer to this question is an overwhelming yes.
The most recent research on the safety of U-turns
Will customers make reveals that crashes causing injuries are reduced by
U-turns to access more than 25% through encouraging right turns
followed by U-turns, compared to direct left turns.
businesses? Surveys of motorists have shown that a vast majority
of them have no problem making U-turns to access
businesses. In fact, most felt that access management
improvements make roads safer and approve of the
Yes, and the latest studies show changes,despite minor inconveniences associated with
U-turns are a safe alternative to U-turns. FDOT carefully evaluates U-turn locations
direct left turns. and makes minor roadway improvements where
needed to accommodate U-turning traffic. Some large
vehicles, of course, may need to take alternate routes
as U-turns can be very difficult for some larger trucks.
ai
A study in Orlando shows most customers do �►�' -
41414%.
not find U-turns an inconvenience —
1
18% 2 %
total crash rate injury fatality
reduction crash rate
reduction
John Lu,Ph.D.,P.E. University of South Florida 2001
Right turn followed by U-turns are often much safer than
direct left turns, especially on high volume, high speed, or
congested roadways.
FDOT places a special emphasis on access management
in the vicinity of interchanges. The main purpose
of an interchange is to move large volumes of traffic Why is access
between a freeway and the crossroad.It is the interface
between the high-speed freeway and lower speed management critical
crossroad. If there are intersections and/or driveways in interchange areas?
in close proximity to the interchange ramps, the
efficient functioning of the interchange can deteriorate.
Usually driveways located just after a ramp terminal
are difficult to get into or out of, and many have Congestion near ramps can
extensive accident history. The resulting congestion cause crashes and problems on
near ramps can cause crashes and problems not only the freeway or Turnpike.
on the crossroad but also on the freeway. In order to
preserve the capacity and safety of the interchange,
the area surrounding the interchange must be free of
conflicting movements.
EAT
.......... ::::::::::: :::-------,
I
, ...... Are trucks
considered in the
evaluation?
Many restaurant chains have learned that being in the
right "vicinity" is more important than direct access
Many businesses depend on trucks for deliveries and Yes, trucks are always taken
other functions. We also realize that many trucks are into consideration.
not typically able to make certain movements (such
as U-turns). We strive to develop a plan that will
accommodate truck access to businesses in a manner
as convenient as possible. Sometimes this will require
that trucks follow a slightly different route to arrive at
the property.
Business Owner's Opinions
90 /0 of truck operators
64% in a south Florida study felt
felt no inconvenience to trucks that access management
improvements increased safety
District 4:Traffic Operations Freddie Vargas
1
aga,ma ma was awat waa woman
Just think about ...
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the corridors in your ` - r. ;{ : .
community that have well i ,- . - & - JIll` ` },
designed access management
versus the ones with poor w s -
access management. Which —=`� ' �` -"
ones do you like to travel on _ k Y/
and which ones have the most Which corridor would you
vibrant businesses? Ail iiii rather have your business on? lir
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_, . _ f • ..... .11"';'-', ,, ,,,,./.,_ :. ,-i C'1:-
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Access Management helps us preserve your -___ - - - i .- 11.:....-
investment in our highways - ° -'
and your business -''o
i
We hope this brochure has answered
some of the questions that you as a
business or property owner may have.
We need and value your input as we
strive to make the state highway system
as safe and efficient as possible. For more
I information call 850 414-4900 and ask for
an access management staff person
,cs.OF F(o,
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14, tiQ Florida Department of Transportation Office
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